1. What is the current demand for medical scientists in the job market?

The demand for medical scientists is currently high and expected to continue growing in the future. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of medical scientists is projected to grow 8% from 2018 to 2028, much faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is driven by an aging population and increased emphasis on research and development in healthcare.

2. What factors are contributing to this demand?
There are several factors contributing to the current demand for medical scientists:

– Aging population: As the baby boomer generation ages, there is a higher demand for healthcare services and research into age-related diseases.

– Technological advancements: The rapid advancement of technology has opened up new opportunities for medical research and treatments, increasing the need for skilled medical scientists.

– Increase in chronic diseases: Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease are on the rise, leading to a greater need for medical research and interventions.

– Focus on preventative care: There is an increasing emphasis on preventative care and early intervention in healthcare, which requires ongoing research and development by medical scientists.

– Global health challenges: The emergence of global health threats such as COVID-19 highlights the need for scientific research and understanding of infectious diseases.

3. What industries or sectors are hiring medical scientists?
Medical scientists can work in a variety of settings including hospitals, universities, government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology firms, and non-profit organizations. They may also work in specific fields such as genetics, bioinformatics, epidemiology, or drug development. With their specialized training and expertise, medical scientists are in demand across various industries involved in healthcare research and development.

2. How competitive is it to find a job as a medical scientist?

It can be competitive to find a job as a medical scientist, as the field is growing rapidly and there are often more job seekers than available positions. Additionally, many employers require advanced degrees or extensive experience in the specific area of research they are hiring for. However, with dedication, hard work, and a strong educational background and skill set, individuals can increase their chances of being hired as a medical scientist. Networking and building connections within the industry can also be helpful in securing job opportunities.

3. What kind of education and training is required to become a medical scientist?

To become a medical scientist, one typically needs to complete the following education and training requirements:

1. Bachelor’s degree: Most medical scientists have a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field such as biology, biochemistry, or chemistry. Some may also have a degree in a speciality area such as microbiology or genetics.

2. Medical degree or Doctor of Philosophy (PhD): After completing a bachelor’s degree, many medical scientists go on to obtain either an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) degree. This can take an additional 4-6 years of study.

3. Specialized training: Depending on the specific area of focus within medical science, additional specialized training may be required. For example, if the individual wants to conduct clinical research studies and work with patients, they may need to complete a residency program.

4. Practical experience: Many employers and graduate programs require applicants to have practical experience in research labs or healthcare settings. This can be obtained through internships, volunteer work, or part-time jobs during undergraduate studies and after graduation.

5. Continuing education: Medical science is an ever-evolving field, and it is important for professionals to stay updated on new developments and advancements in their chosen specialty area. Continuing education courses and conferences are often required for career advancement and maintaining licensure/certification in some fields.

6. Licensure/certification: Depending on the specific area of work, medical scientists may need to obtain licensure or certification from a professional organization/governing body before practicing in their field. This typically involves passing an exam after meeting specific educational and experience requirements.

It is important for individuals interested in becoming medical scientists to research the specific requirements for their desired role and seek guidance from academic advisors or professionals in the field for further information.

4. Are there any specific skills that are highly valued in the field of medical science?

Yes, there are several specific skills that are highly valued in the field of medical science, including:

1. Critical thinking and problem-solving: Medical scientists must have strong critical thinking and problem-solving skills to analyze complex data, make important decisions, and develop effective research strategies.

2. Attention to detail: Medical research requires a high level of attention to detail to accurately record and interpret data and avoid errors.

3. Research methods and techniques: A strong understanding of research methods and techniques is essential for conducting meaningful studies and experiments.

4. Communication skills: Effective communication is crucial in medical science, both in written reports and presentations, as well as when collaborating with colleagues.

5. Time management: The ability to manage time effectively is important in managing multiple projects and meeting strict deadlines.

6. Computer literacy: In this digital age, proficiency in various computer programs, databases, and statistical software is necessary for analyzing data and presenting findings in an organized manner.

7. Teamwork: Medical research often involves collaboration with other scientists, physicians, technicians, and support staff; therefore, the ability to work well in a team is essential.

8. Adaptability: Medical science is constantly evolving; therefore, the ability to adapt to new techniques, technologies, or research areas is highly valued in this field.

9. Ethics: Ethical guidelines play a critical role in medical research; thus, it is important for medical scientists to have a strong understanding of ethical principles and abide by them at all times.

10. Problem identification: Being able to identify potential problems or challenges that may arise during the course of a study or experiment can help medical scientists make necessary adjustments or find solutions more efficiently.

5. What are the top industries or fields that typically hire medical scientists?

1. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies: These companies rely on medical scientists to conduct research and development for new drugs and therapies.

2. Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities: Medical scientists are employed in hospitals and healthcare facilities to conduct clinical trials, monitor patient outcomes, and develop treatment protocols.

3. Government Agencies: Agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hire medical scientists to conduct research on public health issues.

4. Academic Institutions: Universities and research institutions employ medical scientists to teach, mentor students, and conduct scientific research.

5. Medical Device Companies: Medical device companies hire medical scientists to develop new medical devices, conduct clinical trials, and obtain regulatory approvals.

6. Contract Research Organizations (CROs): CROs provide services to pharmaceutical, biotech, and medical device companies, including conducting clinical trials. They often employ a large number of medical scientists.

7. Non-Profit Organizations: Non-profit organizations dedicated to specific diseases or public health issues may hire medical scientists to carry out research projects aimed at finding a cure or addressing a specific health concern.

8. Government Hospitals/Healthcare Systems: Medical scientists may work in government-run hospitals or healthcare systems responsible for providing healthcare services to citizens.

9. Private Research Foundations: Foundations that fund research projects related to specific diseases or conditions may hire medical scientists to conduct the research.

10. Consulting Firms: Consulting firms may employ medical scientists as advisors in areas such as drug development, regulatory affairs, or clinical trial design.

6. In terms of job growth, which areas within medical science have the most potential for future demand?

Medical science encompasses a wide range of fields, so there are many areas that have potential for future job growth. However, some areas that are expected to see significant demand and growth in the coming years include:

1. Healthcare technology: With advancements in technology, there is an increasing demand for professionals who can use and develop healthcare technology such as electronic health records, telemedicine, and medical imaging systems.

2. Public health: As the world faces ongoing health challenges such as pandemics and emerging diseases, there is a growing need for public health professionals who can promote disease prevention and control measures.

3. Precision medicine: This field combines genetics, molecular biology, and data analytics to tailor medical treatments to individual patients. As precision medicine continues to gain traction, the demand for professionals with expertise in this area will also grow.

4. Biomedical engineering: With the increasing overlap between healthcare and technology, biomedical engineers are needed to design and develop new medical devices, equipment and systems.

5. Clinical research: The demand for clinical research professionals is expected to increase as new drugs and treatments require rigorous testing before being approved for use by regulatory bodies.

6. Data science: Healthcare organizations are relying more on data analysis to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. As a result, there is a growing need for data scientists who have knowledge of both medical science and statistics/data analysis.

7. Gerontology: As the population ages, there is a growing need for professionals who specialize in caring for older adults. This includes roles in elder care facilities, hospice care, and other settings.

8. Mental health: There is an increased focus on mental health issues globally which has led to a higher demand for mental health professionals including therapists, counselors, psychiatrists, and psychologists.

Overall, it is important to note that the job market within medical science is constantly evolving with new discoveries and advancements in technology. Therefore, having a versatile skill set combined with continuous learning and staying up-to-date with the latest trends can open up opportunities for future job growth in this field.

7. How much does location play a role in career opportunities for medical scientists?

Location can play a significant role in career opportunities for medical scientists. This is because different regions and cities may have varying levels of demand for specific types of research or medical specialties. For example, biomedical research and clinical trials may be more prevalent in areas with large academic and medical institutions, while pharmaceutical companies might be concentrated in certain cities.

Additionally, location can impact the availability of funding for research projects and access to specialized equipment and resources. Medical scientists may also find more opportunities for collaboration and networking in certain locations, which can lead to further career advancement.

Furthermore, state and local regulations can vary, affecting the types of research that can be conducted in a particular area. This can also influence the type of career opportunities available to medical scientists.

Overall, location should be carefully considered when pursuing a career as a medical scientist, as it can greatly impact opportunities for professional growth and development. It is important to research various locations and their respective job markets before deciding on a specific area to focus on.

8. Besides traditional research roles, what other career options are available for medical scientists?

Medical scientists have a variety of career options available to them beyond traditional research roles. Some possible careers in this field include:

1. Clinical Research Coordinator: These professionals coordinate and manage clinical trials, working closely with both patients and medical researchers.

2. Medical Writer: Medical writers create written materials that explain complex scientific or medical information for a non-expert audience.

3. Regulatory Affairs Specialist: These specialists ensure that all medical products and devices comply with government regulations and guidelines.

4. Public Health Scientist: Public health scientists study the impact of diseases, viruses, and other health issues on populations and develop strategies for preventing and controlling them.

5. Pharmaceutical Sales Representative: These representatives sell pharmaceutical products to healthcare providers, educating them on their benefits and uses.

6. Medical Device Sales Representative: Similar to pharmaceutical sales representatives, these professionals sell medical devices to healthcare providers.

7. Biostatistician: Biostatisticians use statistical methods to analyze data from clinical trials and other studies in order to draw conclusions about various treatments or health issues.

8. Science Policy Analyst/Advisor: These professionals work at the intersection of science and government policy, analyzing scientific data to inform decision-making on topics such as public health or environmental issues.

9. Healthcare Consultant: Consultants advise healthcare organizations on industry trends, improving operations, and implementing new programs or technologies.

10. Medical Science Liaison (MSL): MSLs act as a bridge between medical science research and product development teams within pharmaceutical or biotech companies.

11. Academic Positions: Many medical scientists also pursue academic careers as professors or researchers at universities or teaching hospitals.

12. Medical Director/Chief Medical Officer (CMO): These high-level positions involve overseeing the overall scientific direction of a company’s research programs and/or leading the development of new treatments or products.

9. Is there a high demand for specialized and niche areas within medical science, such as genetics or immunology?

Yes, there is often a high demand for specialized and niche areas within medical science, such as genetics and immunology. These areas have become increasingly important in diagnosing and treating diseases, understanding the mechanisms of health and disease, and developing new therapies. As advancements in technology continue to drive the field forward, there is a growing need for experts with specialized knowledge in these specific areas. Additionally, as our understanding of genetics and the immune system continues to expand, the potential for breakthroughs in these fields grows as well. This creates a demand for highly skilled and knowledgeable professionals who can push the boundaries of medical science.

10. Are there any particular certifications or licenses that are beneficial for those pursuing a career as a medical scientist?

Some potential certifications and licenses that may be beneficial for medical scientists include:
1. Diplomate of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) – this certification demonstrates a high level of specialization in a specific area of medicine, such as pathology or oncology.
2. Good Clinical Practice (GCP) – this certification demonstrates knowledge and understanding of ethical and scientific standards for conducting clinical trials.
3. Certified Clinical Research Professional (CCRP) – this certification is specifically focused on clinical research methodology and may be beneficial for medical scientists involved in clinical trials.
4. Registered Scientist (RSci) or Chartered Scientist (CSci) – these are designations offered by professional bodies in the UK that demonstrate expertise and commitment to the field of science.
5. State licensure – some states require medical scientists to obtain licensure before practicing, especially if they are also acting as physicians in a clinical setting.
6. Institutional review board (IRB) certification – this may be required for those involved in human subjects research.
7. Biosafety level training or certification – depending on the type of research being conducted, researchers may need to demonstrate proficiency in working with hazardous materials or organisms at certain security levels.
8. Animal handling and care certification – for researchers who work with animals, obtaining appropriate certification from organizations such as the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) may be useful.
9. Pharmaceutical industry certifications – some companies may require their medical scientists to obtain industry-specific certifications related to drug development, safety regulations, or data analysis software used within the company.
10. Continuing education credits/units – staying up-to-date with advancements in the field through continuing education opportunities and obtaining relevant credits or units can showcase dedication to ongoing learning and development as a medical scientist.

11. How important is hands-on laboratory experience in securing job opportunities as a medical scientist?

Hands-on laboratory experience is extremely important in securing job opportunities as a medical scientist. Many employers look for candidates who have practical experience in a laboratory setting, as it demonstrates that the individual has the necessary skills and knowledge to perform various experiments and procedures. In addition, hands-on laboratory experience allows individuals to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for success in this field. Employers also value candidates who are familiar with lab equipment and techniques, as it reduces the amount of training required on the job. Overall, hands-on laboratory experience is a crucial aspect of preparing for a career as a medical scientist.

12. In addition to formal education, what other avenues can one explore to increase their chances of success in this field?

1. Network with professionals and industry experts: Attend conferences, workshops, and networking events to connect with like-minded individuals and build relationships with professionals in the field.

2. Gain hands-on experience through internships or volunteer work: This will not only provide practical skills and knowledge, but also make you stand out among other candidates during job applications.

3. Stay updated with industry trends and news: Read trade publications, follow influential people in the industry on social media, stay updated on new technologies, techniques, and best practices.

4. Develop a strong portfolio or body of work: Assemble samples of your work that showcase your skills and capabilities to potential employers or clients.

5. Take online courses or attend workshops: There are many online courses and workshops available that specialize in specific areas of design such as user experience (UX) design, web design, graphic design, etc.

6. Get certified: Consider getting certified in relevant software programs such as Adobe Creative Suite or other industry-specific certifications to enhance your skills and knowledge.

7. Learn coding languages: Having a basic understanding of coding languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript can make you a more well-rounded designer.

8. Collaborate with others: Working on projects with other designers or professionals from related fields can help broaden your perspective and improve your problem-solving skills.

9. Seek mentorship opportunities: Find experienced designers who are willing to mentor you and provide valuable feedback on your work.

10. Attend design hackathons or competitions: These events allow you to work on real-world challenges within a limited time frame while collaborating with others in the field.

11. Build a personal brand: Use social media platforms like LinkedIn or a personal website to showcase your expertise, share insights with the community, and engage in discussions related to design.

12. Practice continuously and seek constructive criticism: The more you practice designing, the better you will become at it. Be open to feedback from others and use it to improve your skills.

13. Are characteristics such as advanced technological knowledge and data analysis skills becoming increasingly important in the field of medical science?

Yes, advanced technological knowledge and data analysis skills are becoming increasingly important in the field of medical science. With the advent of new technologies and advancements in data collection, storage, and analysis, medical professionals are expected to have a thorough understanding of these tools and techniques in order to effectively diagnose and treat patients. Furthermore, as medical research becomes more data-driven, the ability to analyze large datasets and extract meaningful insights has become a critical skill for researchers in the field. Medical science is also being revolutionized by technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, making it essential for healthcare professionals to possess related knowledge and skills for improved patient care.

14. Is there room for growth and advancement within the field of medical science, or is it generally considered more stable with less opportunities for advancement compared to other healthcare professions?

There is definitely room for growth and advancement within the field of medical science. In fact, advancements in technology and research have expanded the field in recent years, creating new opportunities for professionals to make breakthroughs and contribute to the overall knowledge base of medicine.

As with any profession, there are certain roles that may be considered more stable than others. For instance, positions in clinical research or laboratory work may offer more stability compared to positions in academic or industry research. However, there are still ample opportunities for advancement and growth within these roles.

Additionally, medical science professionals can also pursue higher levels of education (such as a PhD or MD) to advance their careers and move into leadership roles. They can also specialize in specific areas of medical science, such as genetics or neuroscience, that allow for further career development.

Overall, while medical science may not offer as many obvious opportunities for advancement compared to other healthcare professions like nursing or physical therapy, there is still plenty of opportunity for personal and professional growth within the field.

15. How does the salary range and compensation packages compare for different levels or positions within the field of medical science?

There is a wide range of salaries and compensation packages for different levels or positions within the field of medical science, as it encompasses a diverse range of roles and specialties. Some factors that can influence salary include education level, experience, geographic location, employer type (e.g. government vs private sector), and demand for specific skills or expertise.

Some common positions within the field of medical science include:

1. Research assistants or technicians: This position typically requires a bachelor’s degree in a related field and involves assisting with experiments, collecting data, and conducting literature reviews. The salary range for research assistants/technicians can vary significantly depending on the institution and location, but is typically in the range of $30,000-$50,000 per year.

2. Clinical research coordinators: These professionals oversee and coordinate all aspects of clinical trials or studies. They often have at least a bachelor’s degree in a related field and may also be certified through organizations such as the Association of Clinical Research Professionals (ACRP). The average salary for clinical research coordinators is around $50,000-$60,000 per year.

3. Medical laboratory scientists: These professionals perform laboratory tests to diagnose diseases or monitor patient health. They typically have at least a bachelor’s degree in medical laboratory science or a related field and are required to be licensed in many states. The average salary for medical laboratory scientists is around $55,000-$70,000 per year.

4. Pharmacists: These healthcare professionals dispense medications to patients based on prescriptions from doctors or other healthcare providers. Pharmacists must have a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) degree and be licensed by their state board in order to practice. The average salary for pharmacists is around $120,000-$130,000 per year.

5. Physicians: Medical doctors (MDs) are responsible for diagnosing illnesses and prescribing treatment plans for patients. They typically need four years of undergraduate education, four years of medical school, and 3-7 years of residency training. The average salary for physicians is around $200,000-$300,000 per year.

It’s important to note that these are just a few examples of positions within the field of medical science and there are many more roles and specialties with varying salary ranges and compensation packages. Generally, the higher the level of education and experience required for a position, the higher the salary will be. Additionally, certain specialties such as surgery or radiology tend to have higher salaries than others.

Overall, medical science is a highly rewarding field with opportunities for growth and advancement. Salaries and compensation packages can vary greatly depending on individual circumstances and it’s important to research specific roles and industries in order to get a better understanding of potential earning potential.

16. Are there any global trends or economic factors that may impact career opportunities and demand for medical scientists?

Yes, there are several global trends and economic factors that may impact career opportunities and demand for medical scientists. These include:
– Aging population: As the world’s population continues to age, there is an increasing demand for healthcare services and new treatments for age-related diseases. This will likely lead to a higher demand for medical scientists who can conduct research and develop new treatments.
– Rising healthcare costs: With the increasing cost of healthcare around the world, there is a growing focus on finding more cost-effective treatments and improving efficiency in the healthcare system. This creates opportunities for medical scientists to develop innovative solutions.
– Advancements in technology: Recent advancements in technology such as genomics, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence have significantly changed the landscape of medical research. Medical scientists with expertise in these areas are likely to be in high demand.
– Globalization: The globalization of pharmaceutical and biotech companies has led to an increase in cross-border collaborations and partnerships. This opens up job opportunities for medical scientists who are willing to work in international teams.
– Emerging infectious diseases: The recent outbreaks of Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19 have highlighted the need for medical research on emerging infectious diseases. This has increased the demand for medical scientists with experience in this field.
– Government funding: In many countries, government funds a significant portion of medical research through grants and subsidies. Changes in government policies or budget cuts can impact job opportunities for medical scientists.
– Economic downturns: During times of economic downturns or recessions, funding for research may be reduced, leading to fewer job openings for medical scientists.

17. With advancements in technology and automation, do you anticipate any changes in the demand for medical scientists over time?

As technological advancements continue to revolutionize the medical field, it is likely that the demand for medical scientists will also evolve. Automation and advanced computer systems have already greatly improved the efficiency and speed of data analysis in medical research, which may reduce the need for some traditional laboratory tasks. In addition, advances in genetic testing and personalized medicine may shift the focus of medical research towards more specialized fields.

However, as diseases become more complex and diverse, there will always be a need for skilled and knowledgeable medical scientists to conduct research and develop treatments. Furthermore, with an aging population and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, there will likely be a continued demand for experts in preventative medicine and healthcare management.

In summary, while technological advancements may change the specific roles and responsibilities of medical scientists over time, their overall demand is expected to remain strong due to ongoing healthcare challenges and the need for innovative solutions.

18. In terms of work-life balance, how demanding is a career as a medical scientist compared to other professions within healthcare?

A career as a medical scientist can be demanding in terms of work-life balance, especially during the early stages of training and research. Medical scientists often work long hours in laboratory settings, performing experiments, conducting data analysis, and writing reports. This may require them to spend extended periods of time away from family and friends.

Compared to other healthcare professions, such as nursing or physician assistant, a career as a medical scientist may offer more flexibility in terms of shifts and working hours. However, it also requires a significant investment of time and energy for continuous learning and staying updated with new research and technologies.

Additionally, medical scientists may have to travel frequently to attend conferences or collaborate with other researchers, which may further impact their work-life balance. Overall, while the demands on work-life balance in a career as a medical scientist may not be as high as those in clinical professions like nursing or medicine, it still requires dedication and hard work to maintain a healthy balance between work and personal life.

19. Can you give some insight on the typical career trajectory for someone starting out as a medical scientist?

The typical career trajectory for someone starting out as a medical scientist can vary depending on their specific field of study and chosen career path. However, here is a general overview of what one could expect:

1. Education: Most medical scientists begin their careers by obtaining a Bachelor’s degree in a scientific field such as biology, chemistry, or biochemistry. This is usually followed by graduate studies (Masters or Ph.D.) in a specialized area of medical science such as immunology, genetics, or pharmacology.

2. Entry-level positions: After completing their education, many medical scientists start out in entry-level positions such as research assistants or laboratory technicians in academic institutions, government agencies, or private research companies.

3. Advancement to senior roles: With experience and additional education/training, medical scientists can advance to more senior positions such as postdoctoral researchers or principal investigators. These roles involve leading and managing research projects, applying for grants and funding, and publishing findings in academic journals.

4. Specialization: As they progress in their career, many medical scientists choose to specialize within a specific area of research. This could involve focusing on a particular disease or clinical application within their field of study.

5. Industry opportunities: Many medical scientists also find opportunities in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, or healthcare industries conducting research for drug development or working in regulatory affairs.

6. Teaching and mentorship: Some medical scientists choose to pursue teaching careers at universities or mentor future generations of scientists through supervising lab work and training new researchers.

7. Leadership positions: With significant experience and accomplishments in the field, some medical scientists may be promoted to leadership positions such as director of a research institute or chief scientific officer at a pharmaceutical company.

Overall, the career trajectory for a medical scientist involves continuous learning and development through education and experience in order to advance to more specialized roles and make meaningful contributions to the advancement of medicine and healthcare.

20. Are there any emerging fields or research areas within medical science that are expected to be in high demand in the future?

1. Genetics and Genomics – With advancements in gene editing technology and personalized medicine, there is a growing demand for research in genetics and genomics to understand the role of genes in disease development and treatment.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare – AI has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by improving diagnosis accuracy, predicting disease outcomes, and developing personalized treatment plans.
3. Immunotherapy – As an increasingly popular alternative to traditional cancer treatments, there is a high demand for research in immunotherapy to improve its effectiveness and expand its uses for other diseases.
4. Stem Cell Research – Stem cells have shown promise in regenerative medicine, opening up new possibilities for treating a wide range of conditions from organ failure to spinal cord injuries.
5. Biomedical Engineering – The integration of engineering principles with medical science has resulted in the development of cutting-edge medical devices and technologies such as 3D printing of organs and tissues.
6. Precision Medicine – This approach tailors medical treatment to an individual’s genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment, making it a highly sought-after field in research as it has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.
7. Digital Health – With the rise of wearable devices, telemedicine, and digital health platforms, there is a growing demand for research on how technology can be used to monitor health status, facilitate remote patient care, and improve overall healthcare delivery.
8. Pharmacogenomics – By studying how genes influence an individual’s response to medication, pharmacogenomics aims to develop personalized drug therapies that are more effective with minimal side effects.
9. Infectious Disease Research – The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for continued research on infectious diseases as they continue to pose a threat globally. This includes studying how viruses mutate and spread as well as developing effective vaccines and treatments.
10. Neurodegenerative Diseases – With an aging population comes an increased demand for research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, to better understand their causes and develop treatments that can slow or halt their progression.